![]() Go as far below ground as possible or, if that is not possible, to the center of a tall building.Find the nearest building, preferably built of brick or concrete, and go inside to avoid any radioactive material outside.If an attack warning is issued, take cover as quickly as you can, below ground if possible, and stay there unless directed otherwise by authorities.Listen for official information and follow the instructions provided by emergency response personnel.Although many shelters still exist, some even being used as museums, virtually all fallout shelters have been decommissioned since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. ![]() A fallout shelter is designed to allow its occupants to minimize exposure to harmful fallout until radioactivity has decayed to a safer level. Much of this highly radioactive material then falls to earth, subjecting anything within the line of sight to radiation, a significant hazard. The fallout emits alpha and beta particles, as well as gamma rays. When this material condenses in the rain, it forms dust and light sandy materials that resembles ground pumice. During a nuclear explosion, matter vaporized in the resulting fireball is exposed to neutrons from the explosion, absorbs them, and becomes radioactive. Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War. Fallout shelter A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion.
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